Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) are the first lines of investigation for the diagnosis and monitoring of pelvic pathologies. Future use of patient specific 3D printed models is encouraged so the clinical benefit can be better understood and evidence to support their use in standard of care can be provided. Successful gynecologic surgery requires a thorough understanding of the patient’s anatomy and burden of disease. Examples of 3D printed models for uterine fibroids and endometriosis are presented as well as a discussion on the barriers to clinical uptake and the future directions for 3D printing in the field of gynecological surgery. This article aims to provide a brief overview of the principles of 3D printing and the steps required to derive patient-specific, anatomically accurate 3D printed models of gynecologic anatomy from MR images. However, reports on the clinical use of 3D printed models in the field of gynecology are limited.
The clinical benefit of using patient specific 3D printed models have been highlighted in the fields of orthopaedics, cardiothoracics, and neurosurgery for the purpose of pre-surgical planning. 3D models have been shown to improve anatomical comprehension by providing more accurate assessments of anatomical volumes and better perspectives of structural orientations relative to adjacent structures. Moreover, the 3D system can easily connect to all kinds of endoscopes, cameras and light sources.Patient specific three-dimensional (3D) models can be derived from two-dimensional medical images, such as magnetic resonance (MR) images. Therefore, the ease of implementation of the 3D system makes it suitable for experienced as well as a novice surgeon, and it does not obstruct any step in the surgical workflow.Īnother thoughtful design in MonoStereo is give control to all surgeons who may switch from 2D to 3D mode easily throughout the surgical procedure as their eyes get fatigued during long time operation. This system would also allow the surgeons to use endoscopes with different angulated optical lens (0°-30°-45°-70°) during the intervention. In addition, the 2D-to-3D MonoStereo system accommodates both rigid and flexible endoscopes, allows the view angle to remain the same as in the original 2D system, and each surgeon can adjust the depth of perceptions to his/her best vision.An easy installation of the MonoStereo system along with a pre-existing 2D endoscope system allows the surgeon to use it easily, without changing the endoscope, camera, monitor or the workflow during the surgery. MonoStereo® 3D Endoscopic Visualization System could work well with any kind of current endoscope devices. In addition to that, this system allows the view angle to remain the same as in original 2D system and surgeons can adjust the depth perceptions to him or her best vision. Surgeons will have the 3D vision with adjustable 3D perception for the surgeries.Ĭonnect & work with most of 2D endoscopic systemĪnother distinctive advantage of MonoStereo, 2D to 3D system, accommodates both rigid and flexible endoscopes. It also allows the experienced surgeon to get a quick help in a case of complex anatomy or a situation at risk of complications. The 3D visualization with the system allows novice surgeon to have a better understanding of the anatomical structures during the surgery. With Monostereo 3D endoscopic visualization system, hospitals do not have to throw the existing 2D endoscopic system away and replace them with the expensive 3D systems.
There is no need to change current instruments and endoscope system and lens, but have a 3D vision for surgery. The beauty of Monostereo is based on algorithm.
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